With the arrival of the high -speed information era, Optical fiber cables, with their high speed characteristics, high capacity and low interference, are widely used in telecommunications, the Internet, broadcasting and television and many other areas, becoming an essential and important part of the field of modern communications.
Optical fiber cable classification
There are many types of optical fiber cables, And if they are divided according to the type of fiber optics, They can be classified as monomod optical fiber cables and multi -optical fiber cables.
The types of optical fibers are classified according to the characteristics of the fiber, such as transmission mode and distance.
The propagation of light, an electromagnetic wave, in an optical fiber is a dielectric circular wave guide. When the total reflection of light occurs at the interface of the medium, The electromagnetic wave is confined to the middle, And the electromagnetic wave in this case is called guided wave or guided fashion. For a guided wave and a given wavelength, There are a variety of cases of incidence that satisfy the condition of total reflection, called different modes of guided waves. Classified in terms of transmission modes and number of transmission modes, Optical fibers can be classified as multi -modd and monomod optical fibers. Multimod fibers can transmit several modes, While monomod fibers can only transmit one mode for a given wavelength.
The optical fiber cable consists of a number of optical fibers that form the soul, The exterior sheath, Some are also covered with an outdoor sheath, in order to carry out the transmission of the optical signal of a communication line. Therefore, Depending on the different types of optical fibers, Optical cables can be divided into monomod optical cables and multimod optical cables.
The central part of the optical cable consists of optical fibers, and the different characteristics of optical fibers also determine the characteristics of the different types of optical cables.
Monomode fiber cable
The monomode fiber optic cable adopts an optical fiber whose real diameter is smaller, which reduces the loss of transmission and increases the strip width. It is suitable for long distance communications and high -speed data transmission, especially in telecommunications, cable television, Data centers and other areas.
Models and characteristics of monomoded optical fiber cables
The main models of monomodes fiber cables are G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655 and G.657. The most commonly used monomod cable types are G.652 and G.655 (which is also the type of fiber used in monomodes cables).
The G.652 type is the most commonly used monomod optic cable, with low loss and low dispersion, which is suitable for long distance transmission and fiber optics communication in metropolitan networks. The G.652 monomode optical cable can be subdivided into four subcategories, A, B, C and D. G.652A and G.652B are conventional monomod optical fibers. G.652A and G.652B are conventional monomod fibers, While G.652D is the most common monomod fiber cable and is suitable for most fiber optical communication applications. It has a wavelength transmission window ranging from 1310nm to 1550mm and has a low loss of transmission.
G.655 is a monomod fiber optic cable with non -zero dispersion and very low dispersion coefficient, which guarantees a large bandwidth and long transmission distances, and is suitable for long -distance and high -speed transmission. Its wavelength transmission window covers 1525nm to 1565nm and has a large bandwidth. Monomod fiber cables G.655 can be subdivided into three categories : C, D and E.
G.657 is a monomod optical fiber cable with variable refractive index for curvature applications, with a very large flexibility of detail and a low loss of curvature for scenarios that are easy to extrude and to install. The type G.657 is mainly used in domestic networks, Local networks and servers, or in modern high -rise buildings, servers, Interior wiring, Lear FTXT, etc. G.657B.
If the model number of a monomode cable is gyxtw-4B1, This means that the cable model is gyxtw, Which means standard central beam cable, 4 means that this cable contains 4 souls, and B1 means that this cable adopts the fiber monomode G.652B.
In the type of cable, Gy corresponds to an external fiber optic cable for communication, X to a central tube structure, T to a filling structure, W to a sheath stuck with steel ribbon and polyethylene with steel thread trapping.
Gyxtw models, Consonant, WITH, Gyty are mainly monomod cables.
Multimod optical fiber cable
Multimod optical fiber cables use larger fibers, which makes it possible to simultaneously transmit several optical modes. However, Intermode dispersion being important, It limits the frequency of digital signals transmitted and worsens with the distance. Multimod optical fibers therefore transmit to shorter distances, generally only a few kilometers. Therefore, Multimod optical fiber cables are suitable for shorter distances and lower transmission rates, such as local networks, Short distance communications, Multimedia transmission, Data centers and other areas.
Multimod optical cables and characteristics
Multimod optical fiber cables are generally designated by the acronym OMX, where OM means multimode optical and X corresponds to types representing different band widths and transmission distances. Current multimod optical fiber cables are 0m1, 0M2, 0M3 and OM4 (also the type of fiber used in multimod optical fiber cables).
0M1 is the first multimode fiber optic cable for applications where the transmission distance is not long and where the flow is low. Its maximum transmission distance is approximately 550 meters. (1000BASE-SX)
OM2 is a more recent multimode optical fiber cable for applications with moderate distances and transmission rates. Its maximum transmission distance is approximately 550 meters (1000BASE-SX).
OM3 is a fiber optic cable Multimode large bandwidth for long -term transmission and high -speed applications. Its maximum transmission distance is approximately 300 meters (10Run-Sr).
0M4 is a multimode fiber optic cable with ultra-high bandwidth intended for long-term transmission and high-speed applications. Its maximum transmission distance is approximately 400 meters (10Run-Sr).
Most cables bearing the Gyfty and Gyftzy model numbers are multimod cables.
GY signifie Outdoor Fibre Optic Cable for Communication, T Filled Construction, F Non-Metallic Reinforcement Members, Y Polyethylene, Z Flame Retardant construction.
Connection method
Monomode fiber cable
Monomodes fiber cables can be connected in three ways : fixed connection, Mobile connection and temporary connection.
fixed connection
Mainly used for optical cable lines in multimod and monomod cables between permanent connections, mainly by Fusion welding, but also by collage and mechanical connection. Characterized by a low loss of joints, high mechanical resistance, equipment requires a merger by fusion.
Connection by activity
It is mainly used for the connection between multimod and monomod optical cables and the equipment of the transmission system as well as with the instruments, mainly through the optical connection sheet. This connection is flexible, Easy to change the connection point, But loss and reflection are more important.
Temporary connection
The coupling connection between the measurement pigtail and the multimode and monomod optical cable measured is generally connected by this method. This connection is practical and flexible, inexpensive, not very demanding in terms of loss, temporary measures are mainly used in this way, You can also use a fusion epner or a V groove with glue.
Multimod optical cable
Multimod optical fiber cables are generally merged.
Connection between multimod and monomod optical fiber cables
Monomodes and multimod fibers cannot be fused directly due to the difference in diameter of their nucleus. They must be connected through monomod and multimoded fiber converters.
Résumés
The different types of optical fiber cables have their own characteristics and scenarios of use. The development of these different types of optical fiber cables also reflects the development of transmission systems technology. The choice of the right optical fiber cable is essential given the performance, cost, reliability and safety. If you want to know more, do not hesitate to contact us.